A Russian official has twice repeated President Vladimir Putin's new message that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought,” apparently trying to roll back on Putin's warning after the Ukraine invasion that Russia is a “potent” nuclear power and any attempt to interfere would lead to “consequences you have never seen.” Putin's comment then dramatically escalated global tensions, which rose even further days later when he ordered Russian nuclear forces put on high alert.

Igor Vishnevetsky, deputy director of the Russian Foreign Ministry's nonproliferation and arms control programme, on Tuesday started his country's address to the pandemic-delayed conference to review the 50-year-old Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty by reading Putin's message to participants against a nuclear war. And he repeated the same words later. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in his speech at Monday's opening called Putin's warnings after the Ukraine invasion “reckless, dangerous nuclear saber-rattling”.

What impact Putin's new commitment has remains to be seen.

Ukrainian Deputy Foreign Minister Mykola Tochytskyi told Monday's high-level meeting that Putin's open threat to the world on Russia's ability to use nuclear weapons had been backed by “clear calls to do so by the Russian state media.”

“Think tanks and experts widely argue on what type of nuclear weapons — tactical or strategic — Russia will use during the ongoing war against Ukraine,” he said. “This is the background for our NPT review conference.”

Defending Russia's military intervention in Ukraine, Vishnevetsky cited an expanded NATO that he said is “seeking undivided military, strategic and geopolitical dominance” and forced Moscow to defend its “core security interests.”

Russia “has been subjected to a hybrid military campaign fraught with a slide into a direct armed conflict between nuclear powers,” he said. “Moreover, the arms control system, which has traditionally been a core pillar of international security and stability, is currently facing a crisis that has no precedent in recent history in terms of its scale.” Vishnevetsky made no mention of Putin's warning and action after invading Ukraine, but he said given the current situation “it is more critical than ever that the nuclear powers behave with restraint and responsibility”.

He noted that in a joint statement in January the five nuclear powers — Russia, United States, China, Britain and France — reiterated that a nuclear war should never be fought and can't be won and emphasised “the need to prevent not only a nuclear confrontation but also any military confrontation between nuclear powers”. “It is imperative that all signatories demonstrate in deeds their commitment to these provisions,” the Russian official said.

The review conference, which ends Aug 26, is aimed at strengthening the NPT, which is considered the cornerstone of international disarmament efforts. Its goal is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and eventually achieve a nuclear-free world, and it has the widest support of any arms control agreement, with 191 parties to the treaty.