The present crisis in Nepal reveals that systemic governance failures, coupled with a disillusioned youth, can turn into explosive turbulence
Nepal, India’s immediate Himalayan neighbour, is facing people’s wrath. People are on the streets and violence is the order of the day. The protesters are largely Gen Z, who were outraged by the Government ban on social media. What began as demonstrations against a temporary ban on social media has spiralled into a full-blown uprising against corruption, misgovernance, and entrenched political privilege. Now the people want a complete overhaul of the system. The protests were sparked when the Government blocked Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), YouTube, and other platforms, citing regulatory concerns. Though the ban was lifted within days, the damage had been done.
The move was seen as an assault on free expression and a desperate attempt by the political elite to stifle dissent. When police opened fire on demonstrators, killing 19 people, the protests only intensified. Anger has long simmered over widespread corruption and the widening gulf between the political class and ordinary citizens. Nepalese youth face unemployment, migration pressures, and economic stagnation as the Government does little to address their grievances. The violent targeting of leaders’ homes — including that of Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli, who was forced to resign — reflects the extent of this rage. The collapse of law and order has serious implications for Nepal’s fragile democracy. Airports have been shut, ministers chased through the streets, and the parliament building set on fire.
The present crisis shows people’s waning faith in the political system itself. Nepal’s transition to democracy was hard-won, but power struggles, instability, and corruption have eroded trust. For India, the turmoil next door is a matter of immediate concern. The two countries share not just an open border but also deep cultural, social, and economic linkages. Political instability in Nepal can quickly spill over into the region, impacting cross-border trade, tourism, and security. India must tread carefully. New Delhi cannot afford to remain a bystander.
A nuanced approach is needed — quiet diplomatic engagement with all political stakeholders, support for democratic institutions, and investment in people-centric initiatives that address youth aspirations. By strengthening economic cooperation, creating job opportunities through cross-border projects, and extending humanitarian assistance, India can position itself as a friend in need.
A lot would depend upon the Nepalese youth, who need a rallying point and a credible leader. What they want cannot be achieved in a day. They have to come to terms with the fact that systemic changes take time to take root and must work for it over a period of time. Right now, they need a credible leader. Mayor Balendra Shah, who studied in Karnataka, has emerged as a powerful leader. Whether he can assuage the feelings of the youth remains to be seen.
